Horses are affected by different health risks throughout the year. Changes in weather, insects, pasture quality, and stable conditions can all increase the likelihood of specific diseases. Understanding common horse diseases by season helps owners take preventive action and protect long-term equine health.
This seasonal guide explains the most common equine diseases in spring, summer, fall, and winter, along with early warning signs and prevention tips.
Spring Horse Diseases
Spring brings warmer temperatures, fresh pasture, and increased parasite activity. Sudden changes in diet and moisture levels can trigger health issues.
Common Spring Diseases
- Colic – Often caused by rapid pasture changes
- Laminitis – Linked to rich spring grass
- Rain Rot – Bacterial skin infection from wet conditions
- Parasite Overload – Increased egg shedding
Prevention Tips:
- Introduce pasture gradually
- Maintain a regular deworming program
- Keep horses dry and groomed
Related: Daily Horse Care Checklist for Beginners
Summer Horse Diseases
Heat, insects, and dehydration make summer one of the most challenging seasons for horse health.
Common Summer Diseases
- Heat Stress & Heat Stroke
- West Nile Virus
- Equine Encephalitis (EEE/WEE)
- Sweet Itch (insect bite hypersensitivity)
Prevention Tips:
- Provide shade and unlimited clean water
- Use fly masks, sprays, and fans
- Ensure vaccinations are up to date
Related: Thermal Imaging, AI & Wearables in Horse Health
Fall Horse Diseases
Fall is a transition season that brings cooler weather, shedding coats, and increased respiratory risks.
Common Fall Diseases
- Equine Influenza
- Respiratory Infections
- Weight Loss from changing forage
- Joint Stiffness as temperatures drop
Prevention Tips:
- Adjust feed as pasture quality declines
- Improve stable ventilation
- Monitor body condition closely
Related: Equine Nutrition & Seasonal Feeding
Winter Horse Diseases
Cold temperatures, limited movement, and reduced daylight can affect both physical and mental health.
Common Winter Diseases
- Colic due to reduced water intake
- Respiratory Conditions from closed barns
- Skin Infections under heavy blankets
- Weight Loss from increased calorie needs
Prevention Tips:
- Encourage water intake with warm water
- Increase forage for body heat
- Check blankets and skin regularly
Related: Natural vs Medical Horse Care
When to Call a Veterinarian
Regardless of season, contact a vet if you notice:
- Sudden appetite loss
- Lameness or stiffness
- Persistent coughing or nasal discharge
- Behavior changes or lethargy
Conclusion
Seasonal awareness is one of the most powerful tools in preventive horse care. By recognizing common horse diseases by season and acting early, owners can reduce vet bills, prevent emergencies, and support lifelong equine wellness.
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